diff --git a/fine_tune.py b/fine_tune.py
index 982dc8ae..78dfd169 100644
--- a/fine_tune.py
+++ b/fine_tune.py
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ def train(args):
 
     # mixed precisionに対応した型を用意しておき適宜castする
     weight_dtype, save_dtype = train_util.prepare_dtype(args)
+    vae_dtype = torch.float32 if args.no_half_vae else weight_dtype
 
     # モデルを読み込む
     text_encoder, vae, unet, load_stable_diffusion_format = train_util.load_target_model(args, weight_dtype, accelerator)
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ def train(args):
 
     # 学習を準備する
     if cache_latents:
-        vae.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)
+        vae.to(accelerator.device, dtype=vae_dtype)
         vae.requires_grad_(False)
         vae.eval()
         with torch.no_grad():
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ def train(args):
     if not cache_latents:
         vae.requires_grad_(False)
         vae.eval()
-        vae.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)
+        vae.to(accelerator.device, dtype=vae_dtype)
 
     for m in training_models:
         m.requires_grad_(True)
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ def train(args):
         batch_size=1,
         shuffle=True,
         collate_fn=collator,
-        num_workers=n_workers,
+        num_workers=n_workers if not args.deepspeed else 1, # To avoid RuntimeError: DataLoader worker exited unexpectedly with exit code 1.
         persistent_workers=args.persistent_data_loader_workers,
     )
 
@@ -240,13 +241,33 @@ def train(args):
         unet.to(weight_dtype)
         text_encoder.to(weight_dtype)
 
-    # acceleratorがなんかよろしくやってくれるらしい
-    if args.train_text_encoder:
-        unet, text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(
-            unet, text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler
-        )
-    else:
-        unet, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(unet, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+    if args.deepspeed:
+        # wrapping model
+        class DeepSpeedModel(torch.nn.Module): 
+            def __init__(self, unet, text_encoder, vae) -> None:
+                super().__init__()
+                self.unet = unet
+                self.text_encoders = self.text_encoder = torch.nn.ModuleList(text_encoder)
+                self.vae = vae
+            def get_models(self):
+                return self.unet, self.text_encoders, self.vae
+            
+        unet.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)
+        [t_enc.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype) for t_enc in text_encoders]
+        ds_model = DeepSpeedModel(unet, text_encoders, vae)
+        ds_model, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(ds_model, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+        # Now, ds_model is an instance of DeepSpeedEngine. 
+        unet, text_encoders, vae = ds_model.get_models() # for compatiblility
+        vae.to(vae_dtype)
+        text_encoder = text_encoders
+            
+    else: # acceleratorがなんかよろしくやってくれるらしい
+        if args.train_text_encoder:
+            unet, text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(
+                unet, text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler
+            )
+        else:
+            unet, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(unet, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
 
     # 実験的機能：勾配も含めたfp16学習を行う　PyTorchにパッチを当ててfp16でのgrad scaleを有効にする
     if args.full_fp16:
diff --git a/library/train_util.py b/library/train_util.py
index ba428e50..2d85c977 100644
--- a/library/train_util.py
+++ b/library/train_util.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
 )
 from accelerate import Accelerator, InitProcessGroupKwargs, DistributedDataParallelKwargs
+from accelerate import DeepSpeedPlugin
 import gc
 import glob
 import math
@@ -3124,6 +3125,47 @@ def add_training_arguments(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, support_dreambooth:
             "--prior_loss_weight", type=float, default=1.0, help="loss weight for regularization images / 正則化画像のlossの重み"
         )
 
+    # DeepSpeed Arguments. https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/usage_guides/deepspeed
+    parser.add_argument("--deepspeed", action="store_true", help="enable deepspeed training")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--zero_stage", 
+        type=int, default=2,
+        choices=[0, 1, 2, 3],
+        help="Possible options are 0,1,2,3."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--offload_optimizer", 
+        type=str, default=None,
+        choices=[None, "cpu", "nvme"],
+        help="Possible options are none|cpu|nvme. Only applicable with ZeRO Stages 2 and 3."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--offload_optimizer_nvme_path",
+        type=str, default=None,
+        help="Possible options are /nvme|/local_nvme. Only applicable with ZeRO Stage 3."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--offload_param_device",
+        type=str, default=None,
+        choices=[None, "cpu", "nvme"],
+        help="Possible options are none|cpu|nvme. Only applicable with ZeRO Stage 3."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--offload_param_nvme_path",
+        type=str, default=None,
+        help="Possible options are /nvme|/local_nvme. Only applicable with ZeRO Stage 3."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--zero3_init_flag",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Flag to indicate whether to enable `deepspeed.zero.Init` for constructing massive models."
+            "Only applicable with ZeRO Stage-3."
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--zero3_save_16bit_model",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Flag to indicate whether to save 16-bit model. Only applicable with ZeRO Stage-3."
+    )
 
 def verify_training_args(args: argparse.Namespace):
     if args.v_parameterization and not args.v2:
@@ -3912,6 +3954,17 @@ def prepare_accelerator(args: argparse.Namespace):
         else None,
     )
     kwargs_handlers = list(filter(lambda x: x is not None, kwargs_handlers))
+    deepspeed_plugin = None
+    if args.deepspeed:
+        deepspeed_plugin = DeepSpeedPlugin(
+            zero_stage=args.zero_stage,
+            gradient_accumulation_steps=args.gradient_accumulation_steps, gradient_clipping=args.max_grad_norm,
+            offload_optimizer=args.offload_optimizer, offload_optimizer_nvme_path=args.offload_optimizer_nvme_path,
+            offload_param_device=args.offload_param_device, offload_param_nvme_path=args.offload_param_nvme_path,
+            zero3_init_flag=args.zero3_init_flag, zero3_save_16bit_model=args.zero3_save_16bit_model,
+        )
+        deepspeed_plugin.deepspeed_config['train_micro_batch_size_per_gpu'] = args.train_batch_size
+
     accelerator = Accelerator(
         gradient_accumulation_steps=args.gradient_accumulation_steps,
         mixed_precision=args.mixed_precision,
@@ -3919,6 +3972,7 @@ def prepare_accelerator(args: argparse.Namespace):
         project_dir=logging_dir,
         kwargs_handlers=kwargs_handlers,
         dynamo_backend=dynamo_backend,
+        deepspeed_plugin=deepspeed_plugin,
     )
     return accelerator
 
diff --git a/sdxl_train.py b/sdxl_train.py
index a3f6f3a1..6ce6c201 100644
--- a/sdxl_train.py
+++ b/sdxl_train.py
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ def train(args):
         batch_size=1,
         shuffle=True,
         collate_fn=collator,
-        num_workers=n_workers,
+        num_workers=n_workers if not args.deepspeed else 1, # To avoid RuntimeError: DataLoader worker exited unexpectedly with exit code 1.
         persistent_workers=args.persistent_data_loader_workers,
     )
 
@@ -389,18 +389,37 @@ def train(args):
         text_encoder1.to(weight_dtype)
         text_encoder2.to(weight_dtype)
 
-    # acceleratorがなんかよろしくやってくれるらしい
-    if train_unet:
-        unet = accelerator.prepare(unet)
-    if train_text_encoder1:
-        # freeze last layer and final_layer_norm in te1 since we use the output of the penultimate layer
-        text_encoder1.text_model.encoder.layers[-1].requires_grad_(False)
-        text_encoder1.text_model.final_layer_norm.requires_grad_(False)
-        text_encoder1 = accelerator.prepare(text_encoder1)
-    if train_text_encoder2:
-        text_encoder2 = accelerator.prepare(text_encoder2)
-
-    optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+    if args.deepspeed:
+        # Wrapping model for DeepSpeed
+        class DeepSpeedModel(torch.nn.Module): 
+            def __init__(self, unet, text_encoder, vae) -> None:
+                super().__init__()
+                self.unet = unet
+                self.text_encoders = self.text_encoder = torch.nn.ModuleList(text_encoder)
+                self.vae = vae
+                
+            def get_models(self):
+                return self.unet, self.text_encoders, self.vae
+        text_encoders = [text_encoder1, text_encoder2]
+        unet.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)
+        [t_enc.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype) for t_enc in text_encoders]
+        ds_model = DeepSpeedModel(unet, text_encoders, vae)
+        ds_model, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(ds_model, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+        # Now, ds_model is an instance of DeepSpeedEngine. 
+        unet, text_encoders, vae = ds_model.get_models() # for compatiblility
+        vae.to(vae_dtype) # to avoid explicitly half-vae
+        text_encoder1, text_encoder2 = text_encoders[0], text_encoders[1]
+    else: # acceleratorがなんかよろしくやってくれるらしい
+        if train_unet:
+            unet = accelerator.prepare(unet)
+        if train_text_encoder1:
+            # freeze last layer and final_layer_norm in te1 since we use the output of the penultimate layer
+            text_encoder1.text_model.encoder.layers[-1].requires_grad_(False)
+            text_encoder1.text_model.final_layer_norm.requires_grad_(False)
+            text_encoder1 = accelerator.prepare(text_encoder1)
+        if train_text_encoder2:
+            text_encoder2 = accelerator.prepare(text_encoder2)
+        optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
 
     # TextEncoderの出力をキャッシュするときにはCPUへ移動する
     if args.cache_text_encoder_outputs:
diff --git a/train_db.py b/train_db.py
index 888cad25..d5f47a17 100644
--- a/train_db.py
+++ b/train_db.py
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def train(args):
         batch_size=1,
         shuffle=True,
         collate_fn=collator,
-        num_workers=n_workers,
+        num_workers=n_workers if not args.deepspeed else 1, # To avoid RuntimeError: DataLoader worker exited unexpectedly with exit code 1.
         persistent_workers=args.persistent_data_loader_workers,
     )
 
@@ -214,15 +214,36 @@ def train(args):
         text_encoder.to(weight_dtype)
 
     # acceleratorがなんかよろしくやってくれるらしい
-    if train_text_encoder:
-        unet, text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(
-            unet, text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler
-        )
-    else:
-        unet, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(unet, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+    if args.deepspeed:
+        # wrapping model
+        class DeepSpeedModel(torch.nn.Module): 
+            def __init__(self, unet, text_encoder, vae) -> None:
+                super().__init__()
+                self.unet = unet
+                self.text_encoders = self.text_encoder = torch.nn.ModuleList(text_encoder)
+                self.vae = vae
+                
+            def get_models(self):
+                return self.unet, self.text_encoders, self.vae
 
-    if not train_text_encoder:
-        text_encoder.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)  # to avoid 'cpu' vs 'cuda' error
+        unet.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)
+        [t_enc.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype) for t_enc in text_encoders]
+        ds_model = DeepSpeedModel(unet, text_encoders, vae)
+        ds_model, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(ds_model, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+        # Now, ds_model is an instance of DeepSpeedEngine. 
+        unet, text_encoders, vae = ds_model.get_models() # for compatiblility
+        vae.to(vae_dtype) # to avoid explicitly half-vae
+        text_encoder = text_encoders
+    else:
+        if train_text_encoder:
+            unet, text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(
+                unet, text_encoder, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler
+            )
+        else:
+            unet, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(unet, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+
+        if not train_text_encoder:
+            text_encoder.to(accelerator.device, dtype=weight_dtype)  # to avoid 'cpu' vs 'cuda' error
 
     # 実験的機能：勾配も含めたfp16学習を行う　PyTorchにパッチを当ててfp16でのgrad scaleを有効にする
     if args.full_fp16:
diff --git a/train_network.py b/train_network.py
index 8d102ae8..05dbe2de 100644
--- a/train_network.py
+++ b/train_network.py
@@ -353,18 +353,26 @@ class NetworkTrainer:
             batch_size=1,
             shuffle=True,
             collate_fn=collator,
-            num_workers=n_workers,
+            num_workers=n_workers if not args.deepspeed else 1, # To avoid RuntimeError: DataLoader worker exited unexpectedly with exit code 1.
             persistent_workers=args.persistent_data_loader_workers,
         )
 
         # 学習ステップ数を計算する
         if args.max_train_epochs is not None:
-            args.max_train_steps = args.max_train_epochs * math.ceil(
-                len(train_dataloader) / accelerator.num_processes / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
-            )
-            accelerator.print(
-                f"override steps. steps for {args.max_train_epochs} epochs is / 指定エポックまでのステップ数: {args.max_train_steps}"
-            )
+            if args.deepspeed:
+                args.max_train_steps = args.max_train_epochs * math.ceil(
+                    len(train_dataloader) / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
+                )
+                accelerator.print(
+                    f"override steps. steps for {args.max_train_epochs} epochs is / 指定エポックまでのステップ数: {args.max_train_steps}"
+                )
+            else:
+                args.max_train_steps = args.max_train_epochs * math.ceil(
+                    len(train_dataloader) / accelerator.num_processes / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
+                )
+                accelerator.print(
+                    f"override steps. steps for {args.max_train_epochs} epochs is / 指定エポックまでのステップ数: {args.max_train_steps}"
+                )
 
         # データセット側にも学習ステップを送信
         train_dataset_group.set_max_train_steps(args.max_train_steps)
@@ -409,20 +417,42 @@ class NetworkTrainer:
                 t_enc.text_model.embeddings.to(dtype=(weight_dtype if te_weight_dtype != weight_dtype else te_weight_dtype))
 
         # acceleratorがなんかよろしくやってくれるらしい / accelerator will do something good
-        if train_unet:
-            unet = accelerator.prepare(unet)
+        if args.deepspeed:
+            # wrapping model
+            class DeepSpeedModel(torch.nn.Module): 
+                def __init__(self, unet, text_encoder, vae, network) -> None:
+                    super().__init__()
+                    self.unet = unet
+                    self.text_encoders = self.text_encoder = torch.nn.ModuleList(text_encoder)
+                    self.vae = vae
+                    self.network = network
+                    
+                def get_models(self):
+                    return self.unet, self.text_encoders, self.vae, self.network
+            
+            unet.to(accelerator.device, dtype=unet_weight_dtype)
+            [t_enc.to(accelerator.device, dtype=te_weight_dtype) for t_enc in text_encoders]
+            ds_model = DeepSpeedModel(unet, text_encoders, vae, network)
+            ds_model, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(ds_model, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+            # Now, ds_model is an instance of DeepSpeedEngine. 
+            unet, text_encoders, vae, network = ds_model.get_models() # for compatiblility
+            vae.to(vae_dtype) # to avoid explicitly half-vae
+            text_encoder = text_encoders
         else:
-            unet.to(accelerator.device, dtype=unet_weight_dtype)  # move to device because unet is not prepared by accelerator
-        if train_text_encoder:
-            if len(text_encoders) > 1:
-                text_encoder = text_encoders = [accelerator.prepare(t_enc) for t_enc in text_encoders]
+            if train_unet:
+                unet = accelerator.prepare(unet)
             else:
-                text_encoder = accelerator.prepare(text_encoder)
-                text_encoders = [text_encoder]
-        else:
-            pass  # if text_encoder is not trained, no need to prepare. and device and dtype are already set
+                unet.to(accelerator.device, dtype=unet_weight_dtype)  # move to device because unet is not prepared by accelerator
+            if train_text_encoder:
+                if len(text_encoders) > 1:
+                    text_encoder = text_encoders = [accelerator.prepare(t_enc) for t_enc in text_encoders]
+                else:
+                    text_encoder = accelerator.prepare(text_encoder)
+                    text_encoders = [text_encoder]
+            else:
+                pass  # if text_encoder is not trained, no need to prepare. and device and dtype are already set
 
-        network, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(network, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
+            network, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler = accelerator.prepare(network, optimizer, train_dataloader, lr_scheduler)
 
         if args.gradient_checkpointing:
             # according to TI example in Diffusers, train is required